Some experts, such as Belgian vaccinologist Geert vanden Bossche, believe the current global vaccination campaign may be making matters worse by driving the creation of new variants which will escape our vaccine-induced immunity. Others believe mass vaccination is having the opposite effect, reducing the number of such variants by reducing the number of active infections. Jonathan speaks with Richard Kollar, founder of the advisory initiative Science Helping with Covid-19, to get his take on the controversy. Although Michal Valko is a machine learning expert working at Google's Deep Mind laboratory and promotes the benefits of AI, he is not unaware of the potential dangers inherent in these new technologies - dangers that could conceivably pose serious threats to the future well-being of human society. He speaks as an insider about how some scientists within the industry are dealing with the ethical concerns that inevitably arise with the success of Artificial Intelligence technologies.